Women’s participation in electoral politics is good for democracy in South Africa

Dr Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, former deputy president of South Africa and executive director of UN Women, was appointed Chancellor of UJ in 2022. Women like Mlambo-Ngcuka, who help address and advocate for women’s rights, challenge gender stereotypes, and promote gender equality, are important role models for breaking down gender barriers over time, the writer says. – Picture: Timothy Bernard / Independent Media

By Paul Kariuki

Globally, history has shown that politics is predominantly male dominated, where women were not expected to hold significant political views or opinions. This reality is also evident in Africa, where men occupy most major political positions in African countries.

However, in South Africa, the political landscape has evolved significantly toward greater inclusivity since the end of Apartheid.

While there have been advancements in terms of inclusivity, women are still under-represented in nearly all major political parties and top positions in South Africa, perpetuating gender inequalities across various sectors of the country.

Increasing women’s participation in politics will help address and advocate for women’s rights, challenge gender stereotypes, and promote gender equality.

There is a common misconception that women are incapable of effective leadership due to perceived weaknesses in decision-making, leading to unreliable outcomes.

However, women’s political participation is crucial for a healthy democracy, and it is time for women to step up and claim their rightful place in the political arena. Women in politics can also serve as role models for young girls, inspiring them to aspire to leadership positions.

Factors such as age, education level, influence, financial strength, and access to health facilities encourage women to engage fully in political activities. Conversely, illiteracy, lack of capital, and discouragement from spouses, among others, can hinder women’s political participation.

Hence, it is essential to empower and support women to enhance their full participation in politics. Moreover, women’s participation in electoral politics is beneficial for democracy in South Africa for several key reasons:

Here is why women participation in electoral politics is good for democracy in South Africa:

1. South Africa has one of the highest proportions of women in parliament globally. As of the most recent data, women hold 46.2% of the seats in the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces, which positions South Africa within the top ranks worldwide for female parliamentary representation (Inter-Parliamentary Union) (People’s Assembly). This leads to more inclusive decision-making processes that reflect the needs and perspectives of the entire population.
2. South Africa is a nation characterised by its diverse ethnic groups, cultures, and socio-economic backgrounds. Women often bring different perspectives and experiences to the political arena. This diversity can lead to more comprehensive and effective policies, especially on issues like healthcare, education, and family welfare, which often affect women disproportionately.
3. South Africa, like many other countries, has deep-rooted patriarchal norms that have limited women’s participation in public life. By increasing female representation in politics, these norms can be challenged and dismantled, creating a more inclusive and egalitarian society. Increasing women’s participation in politics helps address historical and systemic gender inequalities. It promotes gender equity and social justice, essential components of a healthy democracy.
4. : Research suggests that higher female participation in politics is associated with lower levels of corruption and better governance. Women tend to prioritise transparency, accountability, and community welfare. Moreover, having more women in politics ensures that policies and legislation take into account the needs and concerns of all citizens, not just a particular segment of the population.
5. Women in political leadership serve as role models, inspiring future generations of women and girls to pursue careers in politics and other leadership roles.

For example Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma (former minister in the departments of Health, Foreign Affairs, and of Home Affairs, and chairperson of the African Union Commission) was known for negotiating the end of apartheid and her leadership in the African Union, where she focused on economic development and gender equality (UN Women).

Women like Dlamini-Zuma and Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka (former deputy president of South Africa and executive director of UN Women), help to break down gender barriers and stereotypes over time.

It can encourage more women to pursue leadership roles, whether in politics or other fields, and helps break down stereotypes and societal barriers.

1. Women legislators are more likely to prioritise issues affecting women and children, such as maternal health, childcare, and gender-based violence. This can lead to more comprehensive social policies that benefit society as a whole. Furthermore, women play a significant role in advocating for community development projects like Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Awareness Campaigns and Peace building/Social Cohesion Programmes that enhance living conditions, infrastructure, and social services at the grassroots level.
2. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on gender equality and quality education emphasise the importance of gender equality and women’s empowerment. By promoting women’s political participation, South Africa can work towards strengthening her democratic process. A democracy is strengthened when it is truly representative of its people. Ensuring that women have a voice in politics supports the principles of democratic governance and enhances the legitimacy of political institutions.
3. Women’s participation in politics has been associated with positive economic outcomes such as improved economic growth and better governance. Policies that support gender equality and women’s empowerment can lead to economic growth and development, as women’s full participation in the economy is crucial for sustainable development.
4. Women often play crucial roles in conflict resolution and peacebuilding. For example, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, the first elected female head of state in Africa, served as President of Liberia from 2006 to 2018. She played a critical role in restoring peace in Liberia. Also, Tawakkol Karman is a Yemeni journalist, politician, and human rights activist who played a significant role in the peacebuilding process during the Yemeni uprising in 2011. Their participation in politics help create more stable and peaceful societies, as they tend to emphasise dialogue, reconciliation, and community building.

In conclusion, increasing women’s participation in electoral politics in South Africa not only enhances democratic processes but also leads to more equitable, just, and prosperous societies.

Moreover, it improves the quality of governance, supports sustainable development, and strengthens democracy.

By overcoming barriers and promoting women’s involvement in political leadership, South Africa can tap into the full potential of its diverse population to tackle pressing issues and create a brighter future for everyone.

* Dr Paul Kariuki is the Executive Director of the Democracy Development Programme (DDP). He writes in his personal capacity.

** The views expressed in this article are those of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views of The African